Impact of the Manhattan Project

Effect of the Manhattan Project How the Manhattan Project changed the world Atomic weapons. Some affection them, others disdain them. Some state there utilize was important to win World War 2, others imagine that their utilization was the result of exuberant countries searching for war. There are huge numbers of contentions that encompass this savage weapon. The beginning to the principal created and working atomic weapon are on the whole attached to the Manhattan venture. What powers were behind the choices to drop the bomb? What were the prompt impacts of the bomb? What were the impacts years after the fact on the world? The Manhattan venture was the code name for a mystery analyze That was directed in America During the timeframe of World War 2. A gathering of outcast researchers which included Enrico Fermi, Leo Szilard, and Albert Einstein, Realized atomic responses were conceivable, and could be weaponized. Albert Einstein composed a letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt, who was the President around then. †Some late work by E. Fermi and L. Szilard, which had been imparted to me in composition, drives me to expect that the component uranium might be transformed into another and significant wellspring of vitality in the short term. Certain parts of the circumstance which has emerged appear to call for watchfulness and, if vital, snappy activity with respect to the Administration. I accept hence that it is my obligation to draw out into the open the accompanying realities and suggestions: Over the span of the most recent four months it has been made plausible through crafted by Joliot in France just as Fermi and Szilard in America that it might get conceivable to set up an atomic chain response in an enormous mass of uranium, by which tremendous measures of intensity and huge amounts of now radium-like components would be created. Presently it shows up practically sure this could be accomplished in the short term. This new marvel would likewise prompt the development of bombs, and it is possible however considerably less sure that very ground-breaking bombs of another sort may hence be built. A solitary bomb of this sort, conveyed by vessel and detonated in a port, might just end up being unreasonably substantial for transportation via air. The United States has without a doubt, poor metals of uranium in moderate amounts. There is some acceptable mineral in Canada and the previous Czechoslovakia, while the most significant wellspring of uranium is the Belgian Congo. Taking into account this circumstance you may think it attractive to have some perpetual agreement kept up between the Administration and the gathering of physicists chipping away at chain responses in America. One potential method of accomplishing this may be for you to implore with this assignment an individual who has your certainty and who could maybe serve in an informal limit. His assignment may involve the accompanying: a). To move toward Government Departments, keep them educated regarding the further turn of events, and set forward proposals of Government activity, focusing on the issue of making sure about a gracefully of uranium metal for the United States. b). To accelerate the trial work, which is at present being carried on inside the restrictions of the financial plans of University research centers, by giving assets. On the off chance that such assets be required, through his contacts with a private individual who are eager to make commitments for this reason, and maybe additionally by acquiring the participation of a mechanical research facility which has the important gear. I comprehend that germany has really prevented the offer of uranium from Czechoslovakia mines which she has dominated. That she ought to have made such early move may maybe be comprehended of the ground that the child of the GErman Under secretary of state, Von Weizsacker, is joined to the Kaiser-WIlhelm-Institut in Berlin where some place some of Americas war on uranium is being repeated.† Einstein This letter is one that Einstein kept in touch with FDR, played a part in making the Manhattan venture. In this letter Einstein obviously plots that a nuclear bomb is hypothetically conceivable, and that the United States should start investigation into this new savage force, and that Germany might be exploring it also. Around then almost no was thought about the hypothetical bomb other than it would be profoundly damaging. In 1940, FDR made $6,000 accessible to begin exploration of this new innovation. By 1945, toward the finish of the task, the expense had developed to around $2 billion. Inside those years, 2 years were utilized to create a technique to make fissionable uranium or plutonium. By summer of 1945, enough fissionable plutonium had been made to make a bomb. The principal ever nuclear bomb was dropped at 5:30 am on July 16, 1945, at a test field in Alamogordo air base, 120 miles from Albuquerque, New Mexico. The bomb delivered a shoot intensity of somewhere in the range o f 15,000 and 20,000 tons of TNT, and melded the outside of the ground up to 800 yards away to glass. J Robert Oppenheimer said this regarding the new lethal weapon. â€Å"The nuclear bomb made the possibility of future war agonizing. It has driven us up those last not many strides to the mountain pass; and past there is an alternate country.† (Brainy Quotes 1) A month a short time later, two additional bombs that were created by this undertaking, which were later dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Editors of (Encyclopedia Britannica) Between the hour of the bomb simply being an idea that a few researchers found up to the hour of the finish of World War two there were two Presidents in office. The first was FDR, and the second was Harry Truman. FDR approved, and began what turned into the Manhattan venture after he got a letter from Einstein letting him know of an astonishing however terrifying new innovation, yet The choice of whether the bomb ought to be utilized to attempt to end the war was undoubtedly the hardest thing President Harry Truman at any point needed to do. The Americans were drained following 4 years of battling, and the Japanese had a standing armed force of 2 million in number on there last islands. Before the 2 bombs were dropped the Allies requested genuine acquiescence, which was turned somewhere near the Japanese military, however there was some sign that a contingent acquiescence may have been conceivable. Trumans answer to why he did it was to spare lives. It sounds conflicting yet special ists state that an expected 1 million setbacks would have occurred on the partnered side in a Normandy type handling that would have been organized to enter Japan. Truman additionally said he was at long last sparing increasingly Japanese lives also. Researchers at the time didn't understand how emotional the impacts of radiation affliction were, at to the point that time Truman saw little contrast in nuclear shelling Hiroshima than shoot bombarding it. â€Å"The nuclear bomb was no extraordinary choice. It was simply another ground-breaking weapon in the munititions stockpile of righteousness.†Ã‚ (Brainy cites) Some state there were different thought processes in utilizing this bomb also. Pundits said that the bomb was not just the last shots of World War 2, however the starting shots of the Cold War. us history.org page The rough loss numbers are hard to decide because of the disorder and demolition that inused the bomb that obliterated such things as emergency clinics and other government establishments. The nuclear bomb named Little kid was dropped on Hiroshima, 135,000 out of the 255,000 existing populace became setbacks. 66,000 of those 135,000 were injured lethally while the other 69,000 were harmed. These numbers are more than twofold those from the bomb that was exploded in Nagasaki. The setback numbers in Nagasaki were 64,000 aggregate, with 39,000 passings and 25,000 being injuries.The top reason for death from the blast in Hiroshima was consumes at 60%, with fall garbage being the second at 30%. The reasons for causalities in Nagasaki were 95% consumes and 5% other. Henry pg 12 The consumes brought about by the bomb were called â€Å"flash burns†, on the grounds that they were caused in tenths of a second. These consumes are fundamentally the same as serious burn from the sun. The consumes just occured on uncovered or gently dressed cleaned. These consumes were accounted for to have happened up to 13,800 feet from ground zero in Nagasaki. There was even an affirmed instance of a paper that was 1  ½ miles from the blast had just its dark letters wore out of the paper .Henry pg 17 Wounds brought about by radiation included epilation(loss of hair), seeping into the skin,inflammation of the throat and mouth, the runs, fever, and heaving. Platelet (coagulation specialists) numbers were likewise diminished, which made any draining be more drawn out than typical. Passings from radiation harming began around multi week after presentation, topped in weeks 3 and 4, at that point they were nonexistent by week 7 to 8. Henry pg 24 One man (William o. Morse) sent a letter into a paper saying â€Å" the bomb is accurately what war is today. . . a silly, messy, ruthless operation†. This sort of out and out obtuseness and trustworthiness was once in a while observed in others, who were more unpretentious than out and out saying that the Japanese had the right beyond words. Half a month after the primary bomb was dropped, a survey was taken of the American publics response to the bomb, and 85 percent said that dropping the bomb was a smart thought. Diana steele After the war The Soviet Union needed assurance that such butcher wouldn’t occur in the Soviet Union once more, so they set out to spread Communism to the nations around them. Joseph stalin, the pioneer of the Soviet Union at the time was savage. â€Å"Death takes care of all issues no man, no problem†. (Brainy statements 3) America couldn't sit by inactive as this occurred, so this is the manner by which the Cold War was begun. The Cold War was the greatest worry of our administration for the following 50 years. Additionally, Germany was separated into four segments, each to be de-Nazified and democratized. Russia Elected a socialist system in the east, to make a support so Russia couldn't be attacked. Winston Churchill considered this the â€Å"Iron Curtain†. The war additionally made the UN. Assessment of the period betwe

Margaret Sanger - The Morality of Birth Control free essay sample

Migration and Immigration Reform Haley Johnson Axia College of University of Phoenix Thesis Statement: More and more migrants are coming in to the United States every year, and we as a country should reexamine our movement approaches. Movement and Immigration Reform The quantity of unlawful outsiders who come into the United States every year is faltering, and the numbers simply continue expanding. 3,000,000 unlawful settlers come into the United States each year. (Shrub 2009) This has been an expanding issue, and one that enormously influences the United States and its residents. An ever increasing number of workers are coming in to the United States every year, and we as a country should rethink our migration strategies. [pic] Immigration has been answerable for strict changes, social change and populace development since the commencement of the United States. The political, financial, and social parts of migration have made a lot of discussion concerning religion, ethnicity, professional stability, work development, monetary advantages, where individuals live, also sway on upward social development, measure of crime, virtues, and work propensities. Starting at 2006, the United States has permitted increasingly unlawful foreigners to become perpetual inhabitants, more than some other nation on the planet. (Shrubbery 2009) Some of these changes can be plainly found in an investigation performed by The Center of Immigration Studies. For instance in â€Å"1995 movement costs us a net $29 billion per year. That was more than the consolidated financial plans of the Departments of State, Justice and Interior. ) Those expenses incorporate regions, for example, training, social insurance, and government assistance programs utilized by migrants. That gauge would be a lot higher today, on the grounds that the influx of illicit movement has proceeded with unchecked, and legitimate outsider affirmation has kept on developing to a verifiably elevated level. † (The focal point of Immigration Studies 2005) [pic] Illegal workers have additionally positioned a strain on our instructive framework, as indicated by the focal point of movement contemplates (2005), an investigation was acted in 2004 that expressed that citizens were burning through $28. 6 billion dollars in school and school related coast â€Å"each† year. Costs Table from the October 1996 Huddle Study | |Program (sums in billion $s) |Legal |Illegal |Total | |Public Education K-12 |$14. 38 |$5. 85 |$20. 23 | |Public Higher Education |$5. 55 |$0. 71 |$6. 26 | |ESL and Bilingual Education |$2. 82 |$1. 22 |$4. 04 | |Food Stamps |$2. 81 |$0. 85 |$3. 6 | |AFDC |$2. 71 |$0. 50 |$3. 21 | |Supplemental Security Income (SSI) |$2. 76 |n/a |$2. 76 | |Housing |$2. 37 |$ 0. 61 |$2. 98 | |Social Security |$21. 92 |$3. 61 |$25. 53 | |Earned Income Tax Credit |$3. 69 |$0. 68 |$4. 37 | |Medicaid |$11. 3 |$3. 12 |$14. 55 | |Medicare An and B |$5. 49 |$0. 58 |$6. 07 | |Criminal Justice and Corrections |$2. 32 |$0. 76 |$3. 08 | |Local Government |$15. 32 |$5. 00 |$20. 32 | |Other Programs |$18. 41 |$9. 25 |$27. 66 | |Total Costs |$111. 98 |$32. 74 |$144. 0 | |Less Taxes Paid |$82. 38 |$12. 59 |$94. 97 | |Net Costs of Direct Services |$29. 60 |$20. 16 |$49. 76 | |Displacement Costs |$10. 96 |$4. 28 |$15. 24 | |All Net Costs |$40. 56 |$24. 44 |$65. 00 | |Percent of Net Costs |62. 4% |37. 6% |100% | Table By (The focal point of Immigration Studies 2005) This and different types of maltreatment on the U. S have been the subject of much debate on how this issue ought to be managed. There has been a large number of various sentiments on, how and what we ought to do at the fringe. What we ought to do with workers who are right now living in the United States; and how these unlawful settlers have affected the economy of the United States. These are a couple of the changes that previous President Bush had proposed to hinder the quantity of unlawful workers that come into the United States every year. The arrival and expulsion of unlawful settlers from the United States is one of the most generally examined points. Since 2007the United States Customs and Border Protection (ICE) has returned or evacuated more than 1. 2 million unlawful migrants from the United States. ICE has extended its Criminal Alien Program to included detained criminal foreigners. In 2007, ICE distinguished 164,296 indicted crooks who were imprisoned in Federal, state and nearby prisons (These are individuals who came into the United States unlawfully and perpetrated a wrongdoing. These individuals were sent back to their local areas once there jail term was finished. There has likewise been an expansion of criminal groups from 15 of every 2005 to 75 out of 2007. These â€Å"teams† are sole answerable for expelling criminal outsiders from the United States at that point shipping them back to there local nations. (Shrubbery 2009) Improving outskirt security is another significant factor in the Countryâ⠂¬â„¢s proceeded with endeavors in ensuring our fringes. Over 85% of secured illicit outsiders are from Mexico, most are promptly returned over the fringe inside 24 hours. In any case, there are â€Å"non â€Mexican† migrants that are captured and can't be promptly retuned, those individuals are given a court date to return (75 percent of those individuals neglected to show up), this is an immediate aftereffect of there basically not being sufficient bed space accessible in the detainment communities. Out of 160,000 non-Mexicans a year ago just 30,000 were, truth be told, sent home. (Shrub 2009) The United States additionally faces other movement challenges, similar to how to manage unlawful foreigners once they are now â€Å"in† the nation. After all the vast majority of our agrarian cultivating is finished by illicit workers. Previous President Bush thought of certain strategies to control the flood of workers coming into the United States to play out these work escalated occupations. By building up these new persuaders and guidelines the farming network will even now get the work it needs to run adequately, in this manner decreasing the expense and helping our economy succeed. DHS is chipping away at guidelines to smooth out H-2B Program and to permit X measure of green cards to be given to illicit outsiders and transient specialists, that way they could be all the more handily followed. That way the administration can gather charges from them, which will improve our economy, while as yet permitting the rural network to even now utilize regular or day workers. (Hedge 2009) Then there is likewise the reality of illicit foreigners who are as of now at present in the nation. What ought to be finished with them? Previous President Bush concocted some more thoughts. He had conceived an overhauled Naturalization test that was finished in September of 2007 and attempted to get a free electronic program so outsider can learn English. This is being finished by the Education Department) Also he had masterminded the Office of Citizenship to give proficient volunteers to help unlawful workers through the citizenship and naturalization process, for nothing out of pocket. (Bramble 2009) Even however every one of these measures have been placed into impact in order to log jam the measure of unlawful outsiders that come in every year however our outskirts, there are as yet THREE Mil lion individuals entering the United States wrongfully every year. Bramble 2009) In 1986 Congress chose to correct the Immigration and control demonstration of 1952. Congress felt the migration was getting â€Å"out of control† and there should have been a change, around thirty to fifty percent of the development in the U. S was because of illicit movement. So Congress felt that the most ideal approach to manage the issue was dispense with the motivating force for individuals to come into the nation wrongfully, to make it harder for bosses to recruit illegal’s and for them to get government benefits. Be that as it may, this strategy seamed pointless, from that point forward unlawful movement has recently developed. [pic] So what ought to be done, to diminish the progression of illicit into the United States? What's more, who ought to be considered responsible? President Barack Obama has expressed that he needs to improve our movement System. One of the ways is by offering citizenship to illicit workers who have kids conceived in the United States so to permit families to stay together. What's more President Barack Obama plans to expel all motivating forces for individuals to cross the fringes. President Barack Obama plans to do that by taking action against managers that are â€Å"knowingly† recruiting unlawful outsiders. He additionally has plans to work with Mexico in order to improve their financial development, there by lessening the requirement for individuals to cross the outskirts illicitly, to get employments expected to help themselves and there families. (Obama 2009) Times are changing, our region is confronting a monetary emergency where we can no longer reserve and permit our nations cash and recourses to be spent by illicit outsiders. We need to secure our fringes; I recommend that we spend less cash on government â€Å"Bail of money† and we put more cash and our recourses into ensuring our nation. Thus this will support our financial development, by putting to a lesser degree a strain on our clinics ($250 million every year) and our training costs ($28. 6 billion dollars yearly). The legislature should make it a standard at â€Å"every† undocumented people accepting these kinds of advantages ought to be sent back to their district. Let they own nation of starting point need to manage these billion dollar costs. New Jersey is viewed as one of the states that have the most elevated development in illicit movement. Consistently there illegal’s looking out for the corners to be gotten as day works. Why portion INS not check all the more every now and again and get these â€Å"know† illegal’s? Rather INS and the nearby police department’s choose not to see. INS should make irregular spot checks in know worker networks and business in order to reduce the measure of unlawful foreigners that come into the United States. Other than there being a monetary channel of the United States unlawful outsiders can be a â€Å"security risk† to the U.

Blog Archive mbaMission Consultant Spotlight Jen Kedrowski

Blog Archive mbaMission Consultant Spotlight Jen Kedrowski At mbaMission, our consultants are more than just graduates of the world’s top MBA programsâ€"we are also expert communicators who possess an unparalleled knowledge of the business school admissions process. Each week, we highlight one member of our team who has committed his/her professional life to helping you get into business school. Having been accepted at several top U.S. and international business schools, Jen Kedrowski ultimately chose to earn her MBA at Cambridge University’s Judge Business School in the United Kingdom. There she focused on marketing and entrepreneurship and was on the winning team of the A.T. Kearney Global Prize Competition, an annual strategic case competition. She also worked closely with the school’s admissions office and founded the Judge Student Ambassadors Club to assist with MBA admissions. After graduating, Jen returned to the United States to work at the corporate headquarters of Kaplan Test Prep and Admissions in the areas of brand management, strategic marketing, GMAT curriculum and MBA admissions. Jen spent several years in London, advising applicants to the leading U.S. and international MBA programs and has served as the featured MBA admissions presenter at seminars across the United States, United Kingdom and Canada, representing Kaplan and the World MBA Tour. In additio n, Jen has provided articles and admissions advice to such organizations and publications as TopMBA.com, MSN, Vault,Bloomberg Businessweek and the Association of MBAs, and has developed MBA admissions seminars and workshops that have been used in hundreds of test prep centers in both the United States and the United Kingdom. Quick Facts Received MBA from:   Cambridge University’s Judge Business School Undergraduate field of study: Bachelor of Science in Nursing Fields worked in before mbaMission:  MBA Admissions,  Brand Management, Strategic Marketing, Education, GMAT Curriculum and Small Business Ownership Working style:  Honest and direct; Enjoys helping clients identify their unique stories and attributes and show their story in the most engaging way possible Hometown:  Apex, North Carolina Five things you want your clients to know about you: 1.  Has  been in the MBA admissions industry for over 12 years, and has been an MBA admissions consultant for over seven years, based out of both the US and UK, helping US and international clients apply to both US and global MBA programs. 2. Has  traveled with the World MBA Tour as the featured speaker on MBA admissions topics, and designed the MBA admissions seminars used around the country at Kaplan Test Prep. 3. Believes  every person has their own unique aspects, traits, experiences and personal factors;  Helping schools get to know YOU via digging deep and sharing those traits can make a big impact on admissions decisions. 4. Passionate about international experiences; Feels that travel and experiencing other cultures always helps people learn more about themselves and impacts their perspective in a large way. 5. Realistic and direct with feedback, but also optimistic and supportive overall and enjoy seeing clients exceed their expectations. What Past Clients are Saying “I just want to thank you for all the help you provided. Your feedback was extremely helpful… more than I can express in words!!”  â€" Schulich Admit “I want to thank you for your work with me. I got admitted to Columbia business School- the only place where I applied. And I honestly think that my essays played a strong role, thanks to you!”  â€" Columbia Business School Admit “Jen was extremely engaging, attentive and allowed me to voice my concerns regarding my application. From there, she helped me develop ways to highlight my strengths and non-traditional background that would best convey to MBA admissions officers that I would be an asset and fit to their program. Our conversation was very natural and informative. I would absolutely recommend her as a resource to anyone applying for an MBA.”  â€" B-School Applicant See more testimonials for  Jen Kedrowski Watch Jens Video Want a free consultation with Jen? Sign up here.   Share ThisTweet mbaMission Consultant Spotlight Blog Archive mbaMission Consultant Spotlight Jen Kedrowski At mbaMission, our consultants are more than just graduates of the world’s top MBA programsâ€"we are also expert communicators who possess an unparalleled knowledge of the business school admissions process. Each week, we highlight one member of our team who has committed his/her professional life to helping you get into business school. Having been accepted at several top U.S. and international business schools, Jen Kedrowski ultimately chose to earn her MBA at Cambridge University’s Judge Business School in the United Kingdom. There she focused on marketing and entrepreneurship and was on the winning team of the A.T. Kearney Global Prize Competition, an annual strategic case competition. She also worked closely with the school’s Admissions Office and founded the Judge Student Ambassadors Club to assist with MBA admissions. After graduating, Jen returned to the United States to work at the corporate headquarters of Kaplan Test Prep and Admissions in the areas of brand management, strategic marketing, GMAT curriculum, and MBA admissions. Jen spent several years in London, advising applicants to the leading U.S. and international MBA programs, and has served as the featured MBA admissions presenter at seminars across the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada, representing Kaplan and the World MBA Tour. In addi tion, Jen has provided articles and admissions advice to such organizations and publications as TopMBA.com, MSN, Vault, Bloomberg Businessweek, and the Association of MBAs, and she has developed MBA admissions seminars and workshops that have been used in hundreds of test prep centers in both the United States and the United Kingdom. Quick Facts: Received MBA from: Cambridge University’s Judge Business School Undergraduate field of study: Nursing Fields worked in before mbaMission: MBA admissions, brand management, strategic marketing, education, GMAT curriculum, and small business ownership Working style: Honest and direct; enjoys helping clients identify their unique stories and attributes and present them in the most engaging way possible Hometown: Apex, North Carolina Five things Jen wants her clients to know about her: I have been in the MBA admissions industry for more than 12 years and have been an MBA admissions consultant for over seven years, based in both the United States and United Kingdom, helping U.S. and international clients apply to both U.S. and global MBA programs. I have traveled with the World MBA Tour as the featured speaker on MBA admissions topics and designed MBA admissions seminars used around the country at Kaplan Test Prep. I believe every person has his/her own unique aspects, traits, experiences, and personal factors; helping schools get to know you via digging deep and sharing those traits can make a big impact on admissions decisions. I am passionate about international experiences and feel that traveling and experiencing other cultures always helps people learn more about themselves and impacts their perspective in a large way. I am realistic and direct with feedback, but also optimistic and supportive overall, and I enjoy seeing clients exceed their expectations. What clients are saying about Jen: “I feel like the luckiest person in the world, because I was accepted to every school I applied! I now have the difficult decision of choosing between Duke, Columbia, Wharton, and Harvard!! I am confident that I would not have submitted such strong applications or represented myself successfully in the interviews without your helpâ€"thank you so much!” â€"HBS, Wharton, Duke Fuqua, and Columbia Business School Admit “There’s no way I would have been successful without your help. You helped me explain and demonstrate impact. You made me feel so much more confident about what I was getting into, and I always enjoyed the energy and excitement you brought to the process. Thanks for helping me to put my best foot forward!” â€"Kellogg Admit “I had a wonderful experience working with Jen Kedrowski. I believed the weakest aspect of my application was my work experience and Jen worked very hard to help me highlight my accomplishments and address my weaknesses. We also spent many productive hours preparing for interviews, of which I had six in a two-week period. I chose Jen because she received her MBA from Cambridge and I was most interested in LBS, but this does not mean that she has limited knowledge of the American schools. Jen helped me get accepted to Booth, Yale, and Cambridge, and waitlisted at Dartmouth and LBS. If you are looking for a consultant who is very diligent, enthusiastic, reliable, and detail oriented, I would highly recommend Jen Kedrowski at mbaMission.” â€"Chicago Booth, Yale SOM, and Cambridge Admit (via GMAT Club) Read more of Jen’s testimonials. Watch Jen’s video: Do you want to speak with Jen about your business school prospects? Sign up for a free 30-minute consultation here. Share ThisTweet mbaMission Consultant Spotlight

Essay on Literature Review Bully-Victims - 1405 Words

Literature Review Caarne L. White Capella University Authors Note Caarne L. White, Department of Counseling, Capella University, Minneapolis, MN caarnew@gmail.com Abstract The purpose of this paper is to provide the reader with a literature review of the topic proposed for completion of the final project. Bullying has become an ongoing global phenomenon. In particular are bully/victim behaviors and its impact on bully-victim cycles with K-12 students. This project intends to explore the research regarding the dichotomy of bullying and victim behavior, specifically bullies who have previously been victim or are currently victims of bullying. Research has demonstrated that†¦show more content†¦Victims in this case may at least be offered empathy from classmates, yet are less likely to be empathetic to the bully-victim which experiences both bullying and victimization. Once again, this makes bully-victims unique and more complex. There are major inconsistencies in research, as identified in an article by Solberg, Olweus and Endresen (2007) asking the question if bullies and victims at school are the same pupils. When estimating the prevalence of bully-victims in 10 studies using bully-victim as a basis of classification with similar populations, the percentages varied between 0.4 and 29% (Solberg et al., 2007). This has been a particularly confusing part of this present research project, in that classification criteria, definitions and other measurements may be used differently in studies on the topic. If there are inconsistencies with determining who and what the bully-victim is, surely there are major gaps i n understanding the possible cyclical nature of bully-victims. Solberg et al. (2007) acknowledges how unfortunate it is that these variations exist, telling very little of the prevalence across grade/age the bully-victim persona exists. 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When educators are not afraid to intervene in a situation involving bullying the student’s self-esteem rises as well as their willingness to learn. BULLYING Bullies. At some point or another everyone has either been one or known one, but what happens when we as educators suspect it is happening in our classroom, and what if it is happening to a student with special needs? Bullying is defined an overbearing person

Letter Essay - 1312 Words

Brian Schwartz jbs321@nyu.edu N.Y.U. Poly Expository Writing Program Dibner 110 Office hours by appointment Writing the Essay Fall 2012 Writing the Essay is a workshop-style writing class, a forum for students to develop complex ideas, think about the characteristics of effective and compelling writing, and engage in a conversation about the essay form. The goal of the course is for you to improve as a writer, reader, and critical and creative thinker, and for you to write essays that are finished products of high quality. An essay must turn a question into a quest, to borrow the words of the writer John Fowles. A truly engaging essay shows the movement of the writer’s thinking—every new piece of evidence becomes an†¦show more content†¦In order to receive a grade for each final essay, you must complete the writing assignments that lead up to the essay. In other words, assigned writing exercises are a prerequisite to writing each final essay. Grades: A work gives the reader a positive impression of excellence in all listed standards. B work gives the reader a positive impression of general superiority in all listed standards. C work is average in each standard. D or F work is seriously deficient in one or more of the listed standards. Final Grade: Essay 1: 30% Essay 2: 30% Essay 3: 30% Class participation/portfolio: 10% Due Dates and Late Papers: Late papers will lose half a letter grade per class until they’re turned in (more than two weeks late will result in an F). At the end of each progression, please put all exercises and drafts in a folder with your final essay on top, and turn the whole thing in portfolio-style. Attendance and Participation: Preparation, attendance, and speaking during discussions are all important parts of the class. Much of the learning in writing courses occurs through active discussion and in-class writing rather than through lectures. Therefore, to do well, you’ll need to show up literally and figuratively. More than two un-excused absences will most likely lower your final grade; more than four absences will put you at a severe disadvantage in the course, because the workShow MoreRelated the letter a as a symbol in the scarlet letter Essay752 Words   |  4 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Throughout the novel The Scarlet Letter there are many symbols. One of the biggest symbols of the novel is the scarlet letter A that Hester Prynne is sentenced to wear after she commits adultery. It is a symbol that is sewn onto her clothes for everyone to see. It is a punishment that is meant to humiliate her for the duration of the time that she stays in Puritanical Boston. D uring the novel, the scarlet letter changes and evolves from meaning adultery to meaning abilityRead MoreTeaching Writing Informal Letters8861 Words   |  36 Pageswriting†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 1.4. Letter writing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...9 1.5. Different types of letters†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 Chapter II.Teaching writing informal letters†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 2.1. Informal letters†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..13 2.2. Writing informal letter†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.13 2.3. Types of informal letters†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..20 2.4. Exercises for teaching writing informal letters†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...............25 Conclusions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦32Read MoreMy Letter From The Scarlet Letter705 Words   |  3 PagesShoulda, Woulda, Coulda No one is perfect. Every single human being has sinned in his or her life. We each have our own letter of sin as Hester had in The Scarlet Letter. I procrastinate so my letter is a P. However, procrastination does not define my life, as sins can be forgiven, and my letter can be changed to mean something much better. Procrastination is never good. I know that first hand. I have done it all my life and there for a while I could get away with it. Then I got into high schoolRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter1659 Words   |  7 PagesThe Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter is a well known novel written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. The novel is composed and written in Salem and Concord, as well as Boston, Massachusetts in the late 1840s. The narrator of the novel is in an omniscent state, meaning he knows more about the characters than the characters know about themselves. Although the narrartor is omniscent, he also makes sure to include his ideas and opinions on situations, making him also greatly subjective. Being subjectiveRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter1456 Words   |  6 PagesChrist figure in The Scarlet Letter. She displays self-sacrifice, saintlike features, and exemplifies some biblical teachings throughout the book. The first, which is self-sacrifice, is shown when Hester is standing on the scaffold in front of the whole town and will not uncover the other participant in the adultery. Reverend Wilson questions her of this man that helped commit this crime, â€Å"Speak out thy name! That, and thy repentance, may avail to take the scarlet letter off thy breast† (60), withRead More The Scarlet Letter801 Words   |  4 PagesThe aspect of Nature in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter seems to have been characterized to readers with a mixed blessing. In other words, Nature shows its power to both heal as well as harm various characters throughout the text. The Scarlet Letter highlights Natures complexity by showing that the Puritan idea of Nature as an entirely evil force is a naive misconception. The text reveals the beneficial attributes of Nature that the Puritans overlook or fear. Conversely, the text showsRead More The Significance of the Letter in The Scarlet Letter Essay1813 Words   |  8 PagesThe Scarlet Letter: The Significance of the Letter  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Adultery has been around almost as long as people. It has maintained a harsh punishment, from banishment to death, but in the Puritan world of colonial America (from about 1620-1640), its punishment may have been worse than either. In The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, Hester Prynne is a lonely Puritan woman who commits infidelity with a preacher and has a son from the untruthful union. To punish her for this act, the councilRead MoreDifferences Between Business Letters and Social Letters6869 Words   |  28 PagesElements of Business Letters [h1]{PAGETITLE}[/h1] Elements of Business Letters ELEMENTS, STYLES, AND FORMS OF BUSINESS LETTERS This chapter deals with the definition of business letters, differences between business letters and social letters, elements of business letters, styles or forms of business letters, punctuation styles, and C’s of business letter writing. DEFINITION OF BUSINESS LETTERS Business letters, as the term suggests, are letters used for business purposes. These purposes are toRead MoreScarlet Letter. The Scarlet Letter Has Five Scenes And1290 Words   |  6 PagesScarlet Letter The scarlet letter has five scenes and without them the story would not make any sense. All of the scenes either shed light on Hester situation in the puritan colony, they tell about the malice in Chillingworth s heart, or the sorrow and forgiveness of Dimmesdale. The first scene with Hester s punishment. The second scene is about Chillingworth s plan that finally turns his heart to stone. The third scene when the reader learns about the connections Hester, Dimmesdale, and ChillingworthRead More Scarlett Letter Essay652 Words   |  3 PagesScarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, is a tale set around the lives Puritan people, and how a women branded by them learns to live with their hypocrisy. The story strikes many points about Hester’s inner struggles, her relationship with her daughter Pearl, and how to except herself, but one of the greater focuses does not lie within her, but with the Puritans themselves. What I speak of is how Hawthorne criticizes the Puritan people on t heir hypocrisy. Specifically, by use of the Scarlet Letter. Throughout

What Is The American Dream - 942 Words

If asked the question, â€Å" What is the American Dream?†, many people would have a variety of answers. It may depend on many factors including, how one has been raised, their age, socioeconomic factors, and ethnicity. There have been so many changes in our country over the years from the 1900’s until now including wars, racial beliefs and family structures which led to an array of definitions of the American Dream. An American Dream can be different for each person. It can be about many factors as we will see throughout the paper. To cover these different factors, interviews have been completed with three subjects who are different ages, race and socioeconomic status. The first subject is a 94 year-old caucasian male veteran named Warren Tuttle. He worked hard to finish high school, as many did not complete this huge task during this era. Mr. Tuttle worked hard as a farmer on the same farm he still lives on today. His first paying job, at the age of 16, was at JC Penny. From there, he went to work at Belk until he was drafted by the Air Force.From talking with Mr. Tuttle, we discussed many components of his childhood. He was the youngest of 2 children and his parents were married. At the age 26, he married a lovely woman and had two children of his own. He had a daughter and a son who died at two days old. They both were happily married for 67 years and had a good life together. During this time in service, he flew in World War II. His duty during his service was to map theShow MoreRelatedWhat Is The American Dream?1407 Words   |  6 Pages What is the American Dream? If you ask anyone they will provide you with all types of answers, from making a successful life for one to wishing and hoping that America changes and grows as a whole. Personally I believe that the American Dream is the idea that was put in my head as a small child by parents and the other adults around. For me, this was the motion that in the beginning it’s as simple as going to school and make A’s so that I can be accepted into a good college, and then you must workRead MoreWhat Is The American Dream?895 Words   |  4 PagesSince the very first steps taken on American soil, people have dreamt of pursuing the American dream. What is the American dream? Many people believe that the American dream can’t be defined in one simple sentence. To some people the American dream means getting a new car and to others a new home, but for many Americans it has a deeper meaning. As we have seen, equality has been a struggle from the beginning; but it has led to the liberty within the country. The accomplishments that have been madeRead MoreWhat Is The American Dream?1094 Words   |  5 PagesMost Americans are unsatisfied with their lives. So many people live their lives discontented with where they are in life. They are discontented with their status in society, the money they make, goals they have yet to achieve, their profession, how they didn’t complete their schooling, and the list unfortunately goes on. We as Americans have a large advantage in comparison to most societies within the world, we have the freedom to live the American dream. What is the American dream? The DeclarationRead MoreWhat Does It Mean For The American Dream?864 Words   |  4 PagesWhat does it mean to be an American dream? It is a hope of the American people that everyone has a same opportunity to achieve a success through their resolution, originality, and hard-working. Hundreds and hundred years, millions of people all over the world come to America to search and prove the true of an American dream. Unfortunately, in fact, everybody has different opportunities and obstacles to achieve their dream relate to gender, and especially class. Firstly, a gender is an importantRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article Whats Up With The American Dream 994 Words   |  4 PagesWhat does the american dream mean to you? â€Å"The American dream, to me, means having the opportunity to achieve, because I don t think you should be guaranteed anything other than opportunity† (Leny Wilkens). The Article â€Å"Whats up with the American Dream† is all about how the American Dream is changing. It s transitioning from going to school, working hard, and advancing in your career to being handed a job through the connections you have. The thesis in this article is â€Å"We go to school, studyRead MoreWhat Is The Theme Of The American Dream In The Great Gatsby1508 Words   |  7 PagesGatsby†, F. Scott Fitzgerald suggests that the American Dream is illusory and can never be fulfilled. He suggests this concept through Jay Gatsby, Nick Carraway, Daisy Buchanan, Tom Buchanan, and Myrtle Wilson. When these people try to purse this unfulfilling dream, only sadness and failure is left for them to feel. In the 1920’s, everyone was following a never ending train of disappointment and failure know as the American Dream. The American Dream was the belief that through hard work, determinationRead MoreWhat Is John Steinbecks Theme Of The American Dream831 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Steinbeck describes a world where the American Dream was a wonderful dream to live but very difficult to live because of the challenges. In the 1930s, the Great Depression was occurring and it was horrible. During this time it was very disturbing how many people were living because they could not afford anything. The American dream was honesty not very achievable during this time period. Many people John Steinbeck reveals the reality of the 1930s in his novel. Steinbeck’s purpose in writingRead MoreThe American Dream Is What Most People Hope For. People1684 Words   |  7 PagesThe American dream is what most people hope for. People migrate to the U.S. wanting to have a better life and people w ho live in the U.S hope to have a prosperous life. The Tortilla Curtain by T.C. Boyle shows two different couples trying to achieve the American dream and the things that they face to try and get the dream. Reading this you learn that there are many tribulations that people go through in trying to accomplish the American dream. This book enables the audience to view both perspectivesRead MoreLiving The American Dream : What Do You Think?1889 Words   |  8 PagesWhen you hear about living the American dream, what do you think? Is the American dream the ability to go to school wherever you want and accomplish everything you’ve ever wanted to do with a little hard work and elbow grease? America is moving into a modern technological age, removing jobs from American workers and having a large effect on what American factory work is currently based on. The assembly line is a unique concept that gives each employee a certain category or task that they are requiredRead MoreAmerica n Dream in Let America Be America Again, What is an American, and Dr. King’s I Have a Dream Speech547 Words   |  3 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is the American Dream? We all have dreams of different kinds. To some people, the American Dream is having all that is available in this life to meet your needs, wants, and desires. To others, it means having a great job, a wonderful family, and a secure future. And maybe to others the American Dream simply means having the opportunity to prove yourself. No matter what your definition of the American Dream is, we all try hard to achieve this one common goal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Crevecouer’s, â€Å"What

Opportunity Cost - Market Structure - Demand Pull and Cost Push Inflatio

Question: 1. What is opportunity cost? Describe some of the opportunity costs when you decide to do the following? a. Attend college instead of taking a job. b. Ride a bus instead of driving your car. 2. Define price elasticity of demand. How you will use it to define an 'inferior good'? Give two examples of an inferior good? 3. In which market structure would you place each of the following products: monopoly oligopoly, monopolistic competition, or perfect competition? Why? a. Water and sewerage services. b. Breakfast cereal 4. Define discretionary fiscal policy? What is the relationship with automatic stabilisers? 5. Explain the differences between demand pull and cost push inflation? 6. Identify the key factors affecting the demand for currency? 7. What policies would be effective to reduce the structural rate of unemployment? Define at least one? Answer: 1. Opportunity Cost Opportunity cost is defined as the money or other advantages being lost in order to seek a specific course of action instead of an alternative that is mutually exclusive. Therefore, the opportunity cost is the benefit that may have been gained from the use of alternative of the similar resources. Attend college instead of taking job: For example, if a student attends college for four year then in this case the opportunity cost is the lost of money that a student would have gained if he/she would have taken up the job. Opportunity cost for going college are books, supplies, cost of tuition, etc and a person can find good or better job opportunity and better salary. Ride a bus instead of driving a car: If a person rides a bus then it can be cheaper to him/her but may not be as convenient as riding a car. Opportunity costs for taking bus comprises, wait for bus, person may have to walk to reach the destination from the bus stop. 2. Price Elasticity of demand Price elasticity of demand I regarded as the measure to know the demand for the product or services of the customers in relation to price change. Therefore, it shows a relationship between an alteration in the demand of quantity and alteration in price. Inferior goods are considered that good which reduces in demand if there is arise in the income level of consumers or vice versa. Examples of Inferior goods are: Inter-city bus can be taken as inferior good. The travelling through inter-city bus is cheaper than rail or air travel but in can be time consuming. Therefore, if a person has more money, then person may prefer rail or air transport. Thus, it can decrease the demand for inter-city due to rise in income level. The cheaper bikes can be inferior goods as the people may prefer cheaper bike due to income constraint but when there is rise in income then the same person may prefer buying costly bike. 3. Deciding market structure Water and sewerage services: The services may fall into monopoly market structure as the services can be provided by one firm. The water and sewerage service is sole entrepreneurship. For instance, if there is large number of buyers in particular society and lack of water and sewerage service provider then one firm providing service in society can be considered as monopoly. Moreover, there is scarcity of fresh water and sewerage service provider therefore, it falls under monopoly. Breakfast Cereal: The product falls under oligopoly market structure. Oligopoly means few amounts of sellers and large buyers. The breakfast cereals that are sold by firms are very less such as Nestle, Kelloggs, etc. 4. Discretionary fiscal policy and its relationship with automatic stabilizers Discretionary Fiscal Policy is considered as the part of the action of government that can be altered year to year. It is a policy by the government that does not implies mandatory modification in spending, taxation or fiscal activities in context to changes in economic situations or recessions. Therefore, it is regarded as deliberate changes of government taxation, transfer payments and purchases so that macroeconomic goals can be promoted such as stability in price, GDP growth, full employment, etc. Automatic stabilizers are regarded as budget policy that alters automatically in order to stabilize the fluctuations in gross domestic product. The automatic stabilizer is different from discretionary fiscal policy. In order to make discretionary fiscal policy, the government has to have support from all areas whereas automatic stabilizers functions automatically if any economic situation arises. Examples of Automatic Stabilizers are corporate profits, unemployment insurance programs and progressive income taxes. 5. Demand Pull and cost push inflation Demand Pull Inflation: This kind of inflation is caused by excess and higher demands. For instance, if the people have more money, than they use more money to buy the product and services. The factors that lead to increase in aggregate demand are: increase in the level of money supply; rise in government purchase and rise in level of price in rest world. Therefore demand pull inflation can lead to shortages and rise in prices. Cost Pull Inflation: This kind of inflation is erupts by disruptions in supply. For instance, if oil prices increases then it make production more expensive. Therefore, production price can increase. The decrease in total supply can be due to hike in wage rates or increase in the raw material prices. 6. Factors affecting demand for currency Interest Rates: If there is higher interest rate associated with the borrowing, then the person may not be able to acquire money as required. For instance, if an investor invests money in foreign company and the interest rate in foreign company decreases then it can result in lower yield. Trade Balance: It impacts the demand and supply for the currency. For example, if a particular nation is suffering from trade deficit then the demand for currency can decrease and supply of currency can increase that can lead to higher supply and less demand. Political Situation: If there is higher global tension then it can lead to FOREX market instability. Moreover, there can be irregular outflow and inflow of currencies that can result in exchange rate fluctuation. 7. Policies for reducing structural rate of unemployment The structural rate of unemployment can be reduced by making policies such as: Introducing Government Training programs for the structurally employed Payment of subsidies to companies providing raining Increasing wage level and Helping unemployed to relocate themselves in working areas The policy to provide help to the structurally employed can be helpful in relocating them to the area where their job exists. The provision of assistance can help the person to regularly visit the office to carry on with their business activities. Moreover, it can decrease the burden from their health and can it can decrease the travel time. Therefore, it can help in attending office on time. Further, the hike in wage level can motivate the people to work.

Microsoft Vega Project Essay Example

Microsoft Vega Project Essay How does Microsoft conduct strategic planning and what role human resource management plays in that process? It is apparent that people are Microsofts greatest asset. Linking production areas and using an atmosphere that caters to the 30 year old average employee age, has made the company a fantastic place of employment. Human Resources is responsible for identifying, hiring, and retaining their gifted talent. Microsoft has also boasted as very generous compensation and benefits program that has created a quality employee experience. Microsofts work environment, is a catalyst for great achievements. With a strategic human resource plan, Microsoft ensures that a diverse range of candidates are considered for opportunities as well as retaining them in a very competitive market. Their results are shown through enhanced product development and employee performance. The HR department is great at spotting talent and potential and aim to hire people who are smart, work hard, and get the right things done. HR staffing seeks to hire talented people who are passionate about their work. This passion translates directly into products and services that enable Microsoft customers to do their very best. Its an important mission — bringing the right people in and taking good care of them. It plays a critical role in helping Microsoft generate technology that positively affects the lives of millions of people around the world (Microsoft. com 2008). The case study on the Vega Project shows that HR department as well as company directors are using the plan to promote, educate, and empower individuals. As this case shows, it does not always work out to be a successful match. However, according to Microsoft’s home page, I believe their HR approach is a great example of how to recruit, retain, and promote motivated employees. We will write a custom essay sample on Microsoft Vega Project specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Microsoft Vega Project specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Microsoft Vega Project specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Where along the transactional-commitment continuum does Microsoft choose to be located ? Transactional leaders use strategy, structure and culture to strengthen their organization. This type of leadership can be displayed through a system of contingent-reward exchanges as well as active management. This style of leadership can be characterized through a process of goal-setting, setting expectations, and defining how followers will be rewarded (Gerhardt 2004). By achieving specific goals for both leaders and their followers, transactional leadership seeks to maintain stability rather than promoting change within an organization. This leadership style is closley related to the style used by Jim Kaplan in 1998. By recruiting MacLellan, he set goals, explained the rewards associated for meeting those goals, and maintain as close relationship with his new recruit. MacLellan was very excieted about his new Vega project and felt empowered to complete the project on time and meet the specified goals. He had a great commitment to the project, his team, and used many resources to ensure that it was a success. In my opinion I feel that due to the nature of Microsoft’s business, the company is high on the transactional-commitment continuum. This type of leadership is shown through the offer to MacLellan from Kaplan. Delivering the Vega project would mean a 14,000 dollar bonus, an allocation of 2,800 stock options, and promoted to a level 33 program manager, which carried a salary range of 85,000 to 110,000 dollars (Bassert page ? ). Microsoft Home Page http://members. microsoft. com/careers/careerpath/humanresource/default. mspx 2008 http://www. paulgerhardt. com/homework/TranformationalTransactonalLeadershipInRetail. pdf Paul Gerhardt-Transformational and Transactional Leadership in Retail (2004)

The Best of Daily Writing Tips in 2010

The Best of Daily Writing Tips in 2010 The Best of Daily Writing Tips in 2010 The Best of Daily Writing Tips in 2010 By Daniel Scocco First of all we wish a happy 2011 to all our readers. Second, we compiled a list with our most popular posts in 2010, so that you can re-read your favorite ones and check if you missed any. Next Monday well resume the writing tips, so stay tuned! What Is Irony? (With Examples): Recently I was walking and talking with my co-worker, who happens to be a freelance writer and aspiring journalist. We were talking about the fact that our employers were providing us with a Thanksgiving lunch the day after Thanksgiving, and she said, â€Å"It’s so ironic!’’ â€Å"There’s† and â€Å"There are†: Contractions are supposed to be easy to say. For example, they’re for they are is easy to utter, but adding another re to there to create â€Å"there’re† produces a word difficult to pronounce. English words Don’t (usually) End with â€Å"u†: The spelling â€Å"thru† has an entry in the tolerant Merriam-Webster that jumps to through.The OED has no entry for â€Å"thru,† although the spelling is listed along with many other historical variations in the through entry. â€Å"Ma’am† and Regional Colonialism; Where I come from, children are taught that responding to grownups with a mere â€Å"yes† or â€Å"no† is impolite. â€Å"Yeah† is unforgivably rude. As a child I was taught to say â€Å"yes, sir, no, ma’am† and when I grew up, I continued to say it. When I lived in England, women whom I’d addressed as â€Å"ma’am† would sometimes smile and tell me that over there â€Å"ma’am† was reserved for the queen. 20 Computer Terms You Should Know: A great deal of jargon is used when talking about computers, and it’s surprising how often these terms are used incorrectly. Even published, successful novels sometimes do so. The following list provides an explanation of some of the more common computing terms you may come across or need to employ in your own writing. â€Å"Fun, Funner, Funnest†?: The word fun probably originated as a dialect pronunciation of Middle English fon, which as an adjective meant â€Å"foolish† and as a noun meant â€Å"fool.† The Middle English verb fonnen meant â€Å"to be foolish, to be infatuated.† 16 Manuscript Format Guidelines: If you submit manuscripts to publishers or agents, you’ve probably come across the demand that you use â€Å"standard manuscript format† (or â€Å"SMF†) for your submissions. However, it isn’t always spelled out what this actually means. Curbs and Sidewalks: In U.S. English, the word sidewalk refers to a paved footpath alongside a street or a road. The sidewalk is usually raised above the level of the road. The curb is a stone or concrete edging between the road and the sidewalk. 100 Writing Mistakes To Avoid – The Book: One of the fastest ways to improve your writing skills is to free yourself from the most common English mistakes: things like exchanging less with fewer, misspelling its as it’s, or placing commas where they are not supposed to be. This Sink Needs Fixed: The expression is often associated with Pittsburgh and â€Å"a narrow band in the middle of the country extending from the east coast to Montana.† I grew up outside those regional boundaries and am quite used to hearing â€Å"The lawn needs mowed† and â€Å"This sink needs fixed.† Taking and Bringing: Both bring and take have numerous meanings. One can, for example, take medicine, take the Fifth, take a liking to, take it on the chin, take a partner, take in a stray, take up for a friend, take out a date, and take an oath. 40 Twitter Hashtags for Writers: If you use Twitter, you’re probably already familiar with the idea of hashtags. These are simply a way of categorizing particular tweets by including within them a keyword prefixed with the hash or â€Å"pound† (#) symbol. PIN Number: To keep your writing as clear and concise as possible, you should generally try to remove unnecessary words. Sometimes duplication is fine – for artistic effect, for example – but as a general rule, it’s best to say things in as few words as possible. Corporate English: Thanks to reader Nick Corcodilos for sharing a link to an especially mind-numbing bit of English prose. I won’t publish the link he sent me, but I will give you an excerpt. Book Titles from Shakespeare: When I was receiving my secondary education in a small Arkansas high school many years ago, every student was expected to study four Shakespeare plays before graduating. The Letter â€Å"Z† Will Be Removed from the English Alphabet: Surprising as it sounds, it looks like the English alphabet will be losing one of its letters on June 1st. The announcement came from the English Language Central Commission (ELCC). No Talent for Writing: Unless the questioner wants to become an oral storyteller and tell these great stories to a live audience, or record them as audiobooks, the answer has to be, â€Å"Yes, you’re stuck.† However, I suspect that the person asking the question has made some attempt to put stories into writing, but is unhappy with the result. Post, Entry or Article?: My co-blogger and I have come across an interesting usage problem. We don’t know what to call what we write. It feels strange to refer to blog posts as â€Å"articles.† â€Å"Articles† sounds official, proper and very old media. â€Å"Posts† is the more common word, but it demeans the quality of the writing. 20 Movies Based on Shakespeare Plays: For me, April is Shakespeare’s month. I’ll be writing several Shakespeare-related posts this month, starting with Shakespeare in the movies. Story Writing 101: Since prehistoric times, when tales were told around fires and painted on cave walls, stories have been an essential part of our human experience. But what exactly is a story – and how can you write a great one? Don’t Be Burnt By â€Å"Inflammable†: In English, the in- prefix is often used to reverse the meaning of an adjective. Thus inactive is the opposite of active and inelegant is the opposite of elegant. So why isn’t inflammable the opposite of flammable? Mankind, Humankind, and Gender: My views on gendered language are perhaps too loose to meet the more extreme requirements of political correctness. For example, I don’t see anything wrong with using the word mankind in the sense of â€Å"all human beings living on the earth.† As I understand the word, it comes from an Old English construct in which man means â€Å"person.† 30 Religious Terms You Should Know: When I was growing up in small town America, stories about religion were generally confined to the Saturday church pages in the local newspaper. Catholics and Jews were the most exotic religious practitioners in town, and â€Å"atheist† was a strong term of disapprobation. â€Å"Completed Suicide†: My take is that, outside its valid use in medical literature, the expression â€Å"completed suicide† is being used as a euphemism by people who feel there’s more of a stigma attached to saying that someone â€Å"committed suicide.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Classes and Types of Phrases"Certified" and "Certificated"7 Sound Techniques for Effective Writing

Research Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Research Report - Essay Example er, is that the Human Resource function by its very nature focuses not only on recruiting the most qualified workers to the organization but also ensuring there is a robust working environment. Lack of conducive working environment precipitates factors such as poor work moral, negative attitude to work, low or total lack of commitment to the organization. At Four Seasons, the management has taken cognizance of the fact that an organization’s most important asset is its employees. Highly qualified staffs who are well motivated would go out of their way to provide the best services to the customers. Such a quality is of profound importance in the hospitality industry where client satisfaction is the key to ensuring the hotel remains in business. An employee provides the first point of contact between a customer and the organization and as such, is the most important PR agent of the organization. Depending on how he or she is treated, a customer’s decision to make a repeat purchase is often rely much on the prior experience they had with the organization. The aspects of HR functions are not quantifiable in monetary terms, but play a big role in influencing the organization’s strategy. It is difficult estimating how much a well-motivated staff may be worth for the organization, but it is central to the firm’s profitability. According to Khan, the Human Resource department has three key roles to play in the organizations strategic advancement (Khan, 2014). These roles include one, to function as a strategic partner. This includes the provision of support for the organization’s policies, the people and implementations of regulations within the organization. Under this role, the department is usually the duty of taking care of administrative matters such as issues dealing with the individual employee payroll issues, insurance, leaves and any other benefits due to the employee. The department also provides support for the circulation of executive orders

Introduction to Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Introduction to Entrepreneurship - Essay Example He or she does so with the drive to get profits, but they must also be bold enough to bear the risks that go with doing business. An entrepreneur may have employees or may work independently. What inspires me to Learn from Successful Entrepreneurs? What inspires me to learn from successful entrepreneurs is the qualities they posses that makes them successful. Their characteristics include â€Å"creativity, dedication, determination, flexibility, leadership, passion, self-confidence, and â€Å"smarts† (U.S. Department of State/Bureau of International Information Programs, 2012, p. 2). Creativity: this is the driving force behind invention of new products or creating new ways to do business. Successful entrepreneurs possess this quality and by looking at what they did you can come up with your own invention or improve on what they did. Sisamos, the owner of Engino.net Ltd, says that the beauty of being an entrepreneur is that you create your own destiny (European Commission, 20 09, p. 55). Dedication: It is what makes the entrepreneurs to work hard. Looking at successful entrepreneurs, they are always working. They created a new idea and they have to make it work. Looking at their lives, you can gauge yourself if you are ready for the undertaking. Determination: this is the inbuilt desire of an entrepreneur to succeed. He or she is not discouraged by failure and persistently keeps trying until he or she succeeds. Learning from them is of great value because it encourages one not to give up in the business undertaking. Flexibility: this is the ability to respond to the changing market trends. Learning from the lives of successful entrepreneurs, you will find that some of them at one time had to change products/ services or introduce new products /services. Their success story prepares you for any eventuality when starting a business and to be prepared for change. Passion: successful entrepreneurs have the ability to convince others about their vision. They are focused, and it is important to look at their plans in order to become a successful entrepreneur. Self-confidence: successful entrepreneurs believe in themselves. They plan thoroughly to reduce uncertainty and risk. They listen but they are not easily swayed. This is a character that is admirable among the entrepreneurs. â€Å"Smarts†: this is a combination of common sense, knowledge, and experience in a similar or related business undertaking. The main contributors of smarts are employment, skills, and education. We can learn a lot from the â€Å"smarts† of various successful entrepreneurs. To me, entrepreneurship is a mix of many elements; however, one has to be inventive in order to venture into this field; he or she has to do a thorough market study to see what lacks in the society and come up with an economic activity that will help close that gap. An entrepreneur is majorly a creator and also a destroyer: by creating a new way to do things one may render old methods obsolete. He or she would have helped one group while rendered another group jobless. Biography of Anita Roddick In this biography, I am going to look into the life of Anita Roddick and single out the entrepreneurship characteristics in her. These characteristics include creativity, dedication, determination, flexibility, leadership, passion, self confidence, and â€Å"smarts†. Anita Roddick was born in Littlehampton in 1942 (Bio, 2012). Her

Employee reward

Employee reward Employee Reward Assignment The aim of this essay is to discuss the advantages and disadvantages relating to broad-banding and grading pay structures. The first part of this paper will define broad-banding and grading pay structures. It will continue including various examples of both broad-branding and grading pay structures and also discussing the benefits and drawbacks of applying both structures within an organisation. The summary of the key findings will be included at the end of this paper in conclusion. A pay structure outlines the various levels of pay for jobs or groups of job by reference to their relative internal value as recognized by job evaluation and to external relativities as recognized by market rate surveys. In Figure 1.0 is an example of a Pay-graded structure. Example of a pay graded structure is shown in fig 1.0 (Google Images) The pay structures in organisations must be suitable to the necessary characteristics and needs of the required organisation and employees to enable it to work and be successful and worthwhile. The structures should make it attainable to achieve equity, operational flexibility and continuous development, steadiness and fairness in managing employee reward. The main types of pay structures are narrow-graded, Broad banded , job family, individual job grade, pay curve, spot rate and pay spine. Broad banding is the compression of a hierarchy of pay grades or salary ranges into a small number (typically four or five) of width bands. This was first introduced in organizations in the late 1980s and early 1990s (World at work, 2002). The aim of breaking down the job clusters or levels of positions into a fewer number of width bands are to: Provide pay structures which fit flatter organisation structures, Allow processes initially created to withstand hierarchy and vertical movement to be replaced, Work upon other methods of payment that reflect a broader range of employee development and contribution, as well as increased levels of competence, skill acquisition, incessant learning, career development and flexibility, etc. Each of the bands therefore spans the pay opportunities, which beforehand were covered by several pay ranges as illustrated in figure 2.0 Figure 2.0 Example of a broad-banded structure (Armstrong, 2002). ‘Broad banding is an attractive alternative to rigid, structured, specialized and hierarchical organizations. (Aon Consultings Forum, 2002). It differs from a conventional grading system due to the greater pay range within each band and the smaller number of bands. Determining the width of the bands requires care to be taken because if a band tends to be too broad it runs the risk of giving impractical expectations to those near the bottom. In this case, some organisations have introduced bands within bands, which are known as ‘zoning, and reason being is to contain expectations and make the structure more easily to understand and manage. The way Broad banding works is that, when job evaluation has been finalized, the artificial divisions, which normally differentiate between grades, are ignored. A group of titles such as manager, supervisor, operative, clerk are gathered into one large band. This then allows all employees in the organisation to fit into a salary structure, which may have as few as 5 broad bands as illustrated and mentioned above. Also, in Figure 3.0, is an example of a broad-banded salary structure. Figure 3.0 Example of Broad-banded salary structure (Stredwick, 2005) Adopting a broad banded structure concentrates on evaluating the individual, focusing on lateral career development and on competency growth rather than upward progression through a hierarchy. In a 1994 survey by the American Compensation Association/Hewitt Associates examined why organizations had implemented broad banding, 71% of the participants reported supporting a flatter organization and nurturing a new organizational culture, 57% mentioned the promotion of a widely skilled work force and facilitation of career development, and 55% reported minimizing administrative effort and reducing job evaluations. (Peters, 1994). Reasons as to why organizations adopt such an approach are; a de-emphasis on formal job evaluation systems can free up time for senior managers and compensation professionals to focus on critical business and people management issues. In addition to this, a broadband structure can support organizations with collaborative work styles that value process and results over control and status. (Aon Consultings Forum, 2002) Pay Expert Michael Armstrong recommends 12 steps for developing and installing a broad banded pay structure in his publication ‘ Employee Reward. A couple of examples of these steps are: ‘ Reach an agreement that it is the most appropriate pay structure for progression. ‘Decide on the width of bands, the degree of overlap (if any), the anchor points and pay zones. (LGE) Broad banded are most likely to be introduced to organisations, which are flexible, who do not operate with extended hierarchies and believe in continuous development. Broad banding continues to be an approach that has a great interest to managers seeking to enhance organisational performance. During the 1990s the number of companies implementing broad banding continued to increase from 10% of firms surveyed in 1993 to 23% in 1999. (HR Focus, 2000). Broad banding started out in the USA. William Mercer carried out a study in 1997. One of the outcomes of the study was that of approx. 3000 US organisations it was found that close to 45% had either installed the broad banding approach or were considering to do so. (Armstrong, 2002) Looking at the percentage, it is quite a large amount of organisations, which make broad banding look more attractive to other organisations that may be unsure about adopting this approach. Broad banding started of slow in the UK but research carried by Watson Wyatt in 1996 showed that 20 per cent of the 346 firms surveyed had introduced the system. More than half of the remaining firms planned to introduce it in their organisations. (Armstrong, 2002) Since then, there has been a considerable increase in the number of organisations with broad bands. The CIPD 1999/2000 survey of 193 organisations (Armstrong and Brown, 2001) found that 60 per cent of them had broad banded structures with five or fewer bands. Broad banding has become the most popular approach to the design of pay structures. In broad bands, pay is managed more flexibly than in a conventional graded structure and great is paid to market relativities. There are many advantages of adopting a broad banded structure as there are fewer number of bands which makes it easier to manage and an organisation operating with a small number of bands is able to address communication issues more effectively because it grades far more employees within the same pay category, greater width of bands, greater overlap between bands which means continuous development without being upgraded. Although broad banding has come to the force, graded pay structures remain the most standard types in the private sector, however broad banded structures are replacing traditional graded structures. ‘ In a broadband structure, the range of pay in a band is significantly higher than in a conventional graded structure. The band width may be as much as 100 per cent or even more, and there may be only four or five bands in the structure (Perret, 2007) As more employees will be grouped in the same band it can be used to reduce the status consciousness that is often found in a narrow banded pay structure. This in turn might help to focus employee attention to the external environment rather than internal equity. Broad-banding has flatter organisational structures and also encourages flexibility dispensing the need for constant regarding and promotion, less competition compared to graded pay as there is competition trying to compete to the next level of the structure rather than working as a team. ‘In broad banded pay systems, employees are encouraged to pursue the development of job skills the need to achieve the next promotion. (Loma, 1999) From research that was conducted it was found that in one large organization that had introduced broad banding, senior management reported that they received more thoughtful recommendations for promotions because managers did not need to promote people to get a raise simply because they were at the band ceiling. (Tyler, 1998) There are rewards rather than attributes in broad-banding and also worker commitment is at its highest. In traditional pay grading structures theres no prospects at getting to the top. In a business environment where organisations want to respond flexibly to global developments and customer requirements, the inflexibility of a traditional scheme has far too many disadvantages. Promotions are now far fewer as organisations have de-layered, reducing greatly the number of management and supervisory positions. Employees need to be far more flexible, willing to change their roles and learn more skills to meet the needs of the quickly changing their roles and learn more skills to meet the needs of the quickly changing national and international marketplace. The stiff, hierarchical grading structure is far less likely to match the quick-moving, responsive culture required in both manufacturing and service industries. They need to be able to adapt quickly to new changes being implemented. Despite the numerous advantages of the wider use of broad banding, at the close of the 90s, a Wyatt survey of 1,300 companies found that less than one in 10 used broad bands. If one was to remove the larger companies from the survey (5000 employees or more), only 6% to 7% used this approach. (Stern Associates, 2006) A few companies find that it works for them, but most are redesigning their structures to allow pay ranges to reflect the market. Conclusions As with any compensation structure, broad banding must be suited to the strategy, culture and employee needs of the particular employer. In my opinion and after careful consideration on broad banded structures I feel a broadband structure is best adopted in a culture that is flexible and team-based or at least is moving quickly in that direction. Companies should carefully weigh broad bandings pros and cons to ensure it fits with their organizational culture and business goals. Despite all the advantages of the broad banded systems, broad bands are still viewed as a novel approach to pay, yet to be proven workable. While companies continue to move to broadband pay programs, anecdotal reports indicate that many early-adopters are returning to more traditional pay structures. Clearly it is found that managers in organizations that have implemented broad banding believe they will have greater flexibility in directing the workforce if they can move people more readily in all directions within the organization without the constraints of narrowly defined jobs and restrictive pay grades/ranges.

The Genetic Basis of Adaptive Melanism on Pocket Mice Essay examples --

Introduction What's the problem? Examples of animals adapting to the environment have been known as far back as the case of the black peppered moths of England in the mid-1800s. In that case, entire populations of the black peppered moths were observed to change color in response to changes in their environment. More recently, bacteria have been known to develop resistance to antibiotic drugs, insects have developed various forms of resistance to insecticide, and plants have adapted to accommodate higher levels of heavy metals in the soil and water. The problem is that it is difficult to locate the genes that stimulate adaptation for three reasons: 1. Traits must be identified based on how they affect fitness and their ecological relevance. In other words, we need to find a trait that clearly makes a difference in whether or not the animal survives. 2. It is challenging to analyze phenotypes when there is little information known about genes. With the moths, nobody knows which of the moth's genes are responsible for the changes in color, so a genetic analysis is extremely difficult to do. 3. Most fitness-related traits are a mixture of many genes. This makes it hard to pin down the adaptations as a result of the actions of one gene. So where do the mice come in? Dr. Nachman's research explores the connection between genotype and coat color in four populations of rock pocket mice. Rock pocket mice live in rocky habitats in the southwest U.S. and northern Mexico. In the 1930s, classical studies revealed that there was a close correlation between the color of a mouse's coat, and the color of the rocks the mouse lived on. Light-colored mice... ...is mice, the alleles did not appear to be responsible for any changes in coat color. The similarity between coat color of the dark mice at Pinacate and the dark mice at Armendaris is probably due to convergent evolution. The Armendaris mice probably evolved the same adaptation (dark coat color) through a separate genetic mechanism. An interesting research project might be to determine the genetic basis of adaptation in the Armendaris population, and make comparisons. Any such results would be enormously useful in showing how evolution affects individual genes. References Nachman, Michael W. Hope E. Hoekstra, Susan L. D'Agostino. "The genetic basis of adaptive melanism in pocket mice." www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.0431157100. Feb. 26, 2003. Purves,William K., et al. Life: The Science of Biology Sixth Edition. Massachusetts: Sinauer Assoicates, Inc. 2001.

Case 302 July in Multiplex

Case 302From this case, there are two types of errors, which the consortium can make. A Type I Error is referred to as a â€Å"false positive. † A Type I error would be made when the null hypothesis is rejected when it should be accepted. This error may occur if the consortium defends any lawsuit against them if they are using 6% (6/100) as their surveying result. The results of the sample size of 100 people indicate that the percentage range is from 1. 35% to 10. 65%. The test results can be higher than 10%, but actually it is lower. Therefore, if the consortium defends any lawsuit against them it is possible that a Type I Error can be made. The second type of error is a Type II Error, which is also known as â€Å"false negative. † A Type II error would be made when the alternative hypothesis is rejected when it should be accepted. For this to occur, the consortium must make a decision to settle the case when the survey result shows a lower percentage than 10% but in reality it is actually higher than 10%. The only error the consortium should make is a Type II error because the alternative hypothesis was rejected. As previously stated, using a sample size of 100 shows that we would not reject the null hypothesis, in other words, this would mean to settle with Tommy. If we did not create a second hypothesis test using a sample size of 300, we would not have defended against Tommy in court and a Type II error would have been made. Size of simple| Defend lawsuit| Settlement| 100| Type II Error| Right decision| 300| Right decision| Type I Error| Table 1 We have proven that 94% of the surveyed moviegoers indicated that they are satisfied that theater play commercials before movie. Only 6% of the moviegoers opposed to watch commercials before movie. This statistical analysis validates that the consortium should seek to defend any lawsuit Tommy or any other unhappy moviegoer files. In this situation, a Type II error would have been made if we decided to base our analysis only on a sample size of 100. A larger sample size always depicts a more accurate display. Statistical Analysis H0 = 10% H1 < 10% 1st Same Size N: 100 (sample size) p? : 6/100 = . 06 Confidence Interval .06 1. 96 = . 0135 — . 1065Test StatisticZ= = -1. 33, from Standard Normal Distribution table => P-value = . 0918 P-value > (alpha) .0918 > . 05 Since P-value (. 0918) is greater than alpha (. 05), we fail to reject the null hypothesis. 2nd Sample Size N: 300 p? : 18/300 = . 06 Confidence Interval .06 1. 96 = . 0331 — . 0869 Test Statistic Z= = -2. 31 from Standard Normal Distribution table => P-value = . 0104 P-value < alpha .0104 < . 05 Since P-value (. 0107) is less than alpha (. 05), we reject the null hypothesis

Essay about Who is Responsible for the Salem Tragedy

â€Å"Life is a dream for the wise, a game for the fool, a comedy for the rich, a tragedy for the poor† said by Sholom Aleichem. The quote implies that one can have a good life if one has power or if one is judicious. Also, it is a game for the illiterate, a joke for one that is rich and powerful, and misfortune for needy. In the book, The Crucible by Arthur Miller has certain characters and beliefs that is a part of a huge calamity. It was labeled as the Salem Tragedy because in Salem, plebeians and uninvolved people were accused for witchcraft they never committed. Nineteen people were hanged and liable for the witchcraft. A character in The Crucible, Danforth, honest in his own perception is one of the attribution for the Salem tragedy.†¦show more content†¦Danforth is blameworthy for the Salem adversity. Secondly, Abigail, malicious and vengeful girl is responsible for the Salem catastrophes. Abigail was once found dancing in the woods with many of the other girls. After the girls were caught, Abigail was in fear of her life because she knew that if someone else was not blamed, she would be accused and killed. Abigail Williams tried everything to avoid being blamed. She accuses others to escape punishment and persecution. Also, she accuses the people for the witch hunts because of jealousy. Abigail wants to continue the affair, even though John Proctor tried to tell her that the affair is over, but she desperately tried to keep the romance alive. John Proctor states, â€Å"Abby, I may think of you softly from time to time. But I will cut off my hand before I’ll ever reach for you again† (Miller 23). Next, Abigail’s cunning manner causes fear in the girl’s mind. She slaps Betty for pretending because she does not want anybody to know about the witch hunt. Furthermore, she controls the girls and manipulates Danforth by telling lies. Abigail i s culpable for the Salem Tragedy. Finally, the society’s stupidity was liable for the Salem adversity. First, plebeians or needy were illiterate or in other words not educated. Then, people with power or in a high post were believed to be right in every matter. In the sameShow MoreRelatedEssay The Crucible by Arthur Miller1541 Words   |  7 Pages Set in the small town of Salem Massachusetts in 1692, it explores the struggle of one man with his conscience and his eventual purification. A fictional play based on McCarthyism, a dark chapter in American history. Miller uses The Crucible as a mirror to reflect his views on the anti-communist hysteria inspired by Senator Joseph McCarthys witch hunts in the U.S. Reissue. By using the historical and controversial issue of the Salem Witch Trials, Arthur Millers play Read MoreModern Day Stereotypes And Prejudice962 Words   |  4 PagesWalter). Thus, proving that the Crucible was also looked upon as daily entertainment and the Syrian Refugee Crisis. Society has become more susceptible to hysteria since the Salem Witch Trials because of it’s contentment. In order to best understand the situations, one needs to acknowledge the tensions and who is responsible. In The Crucible, a group of teenage girls, namely Abigail Williams, are liable for starting the hysteria. The hysteria was created by Abigail when she started to accuse peopleRead More The Actions of Judge Danforth in The Crucible Essay1624 Words   |  7 PagesIn any community, the people rely on the power of law and justice to protect them. When the guardians of the law and order misuse their power it brings tragedy upon the town. In Arthur Miller’s The Crucible the inappropriate actions of the character of Judge Danforth, the voice of authority of the community leads to the tragedy of social disruption of the town accompanied by breakdown in communal solidarity. Firstly, throughout the play Judge Danforth acts with pride and arrogance. At the commencementRead MoreEssay On Personal Rivalries In The Crucible924 Words   |  4 Pagesin the small town of Salem, Massachusetts; fear and hysteria are running rampant. In The Crucible by Arthur Miller, the residents of Salem are allowing their grudges and personal rivalries to distract themselves from the truth. The witch trials are escalating, more and more people are being accused, and the tensions are high. The Putnams have different motivations and grudges that are driving the accusations. Ann Putnam is using the trials to harm the women she deems responsible for the deaths of herRead MoreThe Puritan Religion’s Influence on Children Essay1264 Words   |  6 Pagesthat many would hate living. Most children did not want to follow in their parents footsteps, so there was another burden put onto the small shoulders an innocent child. And thus, the tragedies of Salem, in 1692, were caused b y the strict rules of the Puritan Religion. The church would become the dictator of the Salem community. There were many rules set in stone for the community to follow. Most people at this time were forced to work hard, but hold back any emotions or opinions they had. If theyRead MoreCarol Karlsen s The Devil1692 Words   |  7 Pagesindividuals to act as if they were maintaining the safety and justice of society. Karlsen explains that in many instances, women who were labelled as witches were often females that had managed to acquire great economic and social status and society. In fear of these women, the neighborhood targeted them and called them witches to weaken their power. Independent of guilt, women who were accused of witchcraft could not possibly recovered. If they claimed their innocence, they would be stoned or burned toRead MoreTituba, Reluctant Witch of Salem: Devilish Indians and Puritan Fantasies, Book Review1239 Words   |  5 PagesTitle: Tituba, Reluctant Witch of Salem: Devilish Indians and Puritan Fant asies Author: Elaine G. Breslaw Publication: New York and London, 1996 This book summarizes the life of a female Indian servant and her involvement in the 1692 witch trials in Salem, Massachusetts. To begin it gives background information of the Arawak Indian woman named Tituba, which reveals cultural influences. It tells how Tituba was captured and sold into slavery and shifted from one cultural world to anotherRead MoreThe Crucible : A Cautionary Tale Of Corruption926 Words   |  4 PagesThe Crucible is a dramatic play written by Arthur Miller in 1953. Miller intrigues his audience with the story of the Salem witch trials, which he loosely based on real events and people from that time period. While there are many different themes at work in this tragedy, the most thought provoking of these is the theme of religion. Puritanism was a large part of everyday life in Salem and this play clearly demonstrates its effect on society back then. Arthur Miller’s The Crucible exposes the evilsRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1145 Words   |  5 Pages Who is to blame? In the novel, The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, Abigail, the antagonist in the book is to blame for all the events that occur because she was the one that first dabbled with witchcraft. In that time period, witchcraft was thought of as a sin, and if somebody was accused, they would be hung unless they confessed. She would be categorized as an instigator of her society since she played with witchcraft, and accused others, which would be hung if they didn’t confess. Many eventsRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1450 Words   |  6 Pagesthat drives throughout the play. Abigail Williams, the reverends niece and John Proctor, a farmer who lives outside of town committed a sin that unknowingly escalated into a historical catastrophe. The relations between these two characters caused an out rule within the religious community. Revenge grew within those who were vulnerable, turning lies into the suspicion of witches thus known as the Salem Witch Trials. The revengeful acts between John proctor and Abigail Williams started off with Abigail’s